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          Best Practices for VPC IP Address Allocation
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    <div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody"><h2 id="缘起"><a href="#缘起" class="headerlink" title="缘起"></a>缘起</h2><p>如今公有云用的越来越多，各个区域、不同可用区，还有各种特殊服务，再加上也许还有自建 IDC，还有办公网内网。我的传统是会将这些内网打通的。所以，各个节点网络的 IP 地址分配策略（方案）就成了一个绕不开的话题。</p>
<span id="more"></span>

<h2 id="背景介绍"><a href="#背景介绍" class="headerlink" title="背景介绍"></a>背景介绍</h2><ul>
<li>region: 公有云厂商每个 region（我喜欢叫做节点）里可以创建多个 VPC</li>
<li>zone: 每个 region 会有三个或更多的可用区（zone），每个可用区可以看作是一个数据中心（IDC）</li>
<li>subnet: subnet(子网) 会在某个可用区（zone）里创建。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="VPC-分配策略"><a href="#VPC-分配策略" class="headerlink" title="VPC 分配策略"></a>VPC 分配策略</h3><p>我常用的一些 VPC 创建管理策略：</p>
<ul>
<li>生产(Product)、测试(testing)和 Stage 环境（如果有的话）一般会单独一个 VPC</li>
<li>infrastracture 的相关机器（比如 Gitlab、VPN server、日志处理和监控报警等）也会一个单独的 VPC（规模相对较小）</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="VPC-下-subnet-的策略"><a href="#VPC-下-subnet-的策略" class="headerlink" title="VPC 下 subnet 的策略"></a>VPC 下 subnet 的策略</h3><ul>
<li>公有云厂商一般会建议每个 VPC 至少要跨两个可用区（为了冗余，避免某个可用区挂掉导致所有服务不可用），我一般会跨三个可用区。</li>
<li>公有云厂商会建议 VPC 下的子网（subnet）分成公网子网（配公网 IP）和私网子网（不配公网 IP）。</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="VPC-中的-IP-分配"><a href="#VPC-中的-IP-分配" class="headerlink" title="VPC 中的 IP 分配"></a>VPC 中的 IP 分配</h3><h4 id="私网地址"><a href="#私网地址" class="headerlink" title="私网地址"></a>私网地址</h4><p>这里指的是在 <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1918">RFC 1918</a> 里定义的“私有地址空间（Private Address Space）”，各大公有云厂商允许分配给 VPC 的 IP 地址只能是这其中的。</p>
<ol>
<li>10.0.0.0&#x2F;8（从 10.0.0.0 到 10.255.255.255）</li>
<li>172.16.0.0&#x2F;12（从 172.16.0.0 到 172.31.255.255）</li>
<li>192.168.0.0&#x2F;16（从 192.168.0.0 到 192.168.255.255）</li>
</ol>
<h4 id="VPC-和-subnet-的-IP-分配要求"><a href="#VPC-和-subnet-的-IP-分配要求" class="headerlink" title="VPC 和 subnet 的 IP 分配要求"></a>VPC 和 subnet 的 IP 分配要求</h4><ul>
<li>每个 VPC 要分一段（上面提到的）私网地址</li>
<li>VPC 下的每个 subnet 也要独占一段其 VPC 占有的私网地址中的一段</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="IP-分配策略"><a href="#IP-分配策略" class="headerlink" title="IP 分配策略"></a>IP 分配策略</h2><h3 id="VPC"><a href="#VPC" class="headerlink" title="VPC"></a>VPC</h3><ol>
<li>根据 VPC 的数量多少选用 10 段、172 段还是 192 段的 IP</li>
<li>每个 VPC 根据需求大小选一个或多个 C 段地址，当然更小也是可以的，比如半个 C 段（比如有些 infrastructure）。</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="subnet"><a href="#subnet" class="headerlink" title="subnet"></a>subnet</h3><p>以最简单的 VPC 配置四个 C 段地址为例（我常用是一个 VPC 两个 C 段），假设其是 <strong>10.0.0.0&#x2F;22</strong>（也就是 10.0.0.0&#x2F;24、10.0.1.0&#x2F;24、10.0.2.0&#x2F;24 和 10.0.3.0&#x2F;24 四个 C 段），那么：</p>
<p>找三个可用区，</p>
<ul>
<li>分别建立一个私网子网，分配 IP 地址段：<ul>
<li>10.0.0.0&#x2F;24</li>
<li>10.0.1.0&#x2F;24</li>
<li>10.0.2.0&#x2F;24</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>分别建立一个公网子网，分配 IP 地址段：<ul>
<li>10.0.3.0&#x2F;26</li>
<li>10.0.3.64&#x2F;26</li>
<li>10.0.3.128&#x2F;26</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p>可以看出这个 VPC 还剩一段 IP：10.0.3.192&#x2F;26，这一段就留作冗余。</p>
<p>注意：</p>
<ul>
<li>VPC 的 internet gateway 要放到公网子网里</li>
<li>VPC 的 SNAT 设备要放到公网子网里</li>
<li>VPC 的公网子网的 default gateway 指向的是 internet gateway</li>
<li>VPC 的私网子网的 default gateway 指向的是 SNAT 设备</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="待续"><a href="#待续" class="headerlink" title="待续"></a>待续</h2><p>本方案并没有考虑 IPv6 的情况，以后有机会更新的时候，会把 IPv6 的支持考虑进去。</p>

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